Shock-nullifying vehicle suspension.



A. V. PARK, J. N. GAUGHT in H. HOUSE. SHOCK NULLIEYING VEHICLESUSPENSION.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 30, 1912.

LQQ?. Patented Mar. 3, 1914.

A. V. PARK, I. N. GAUGHT L H. HOUSE. SHOCK NULLIFYING VEHICLESUSPENSION.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 30, 1912.

jywgfo Patented Mar. 3, 1914.

Z SHEETS-BHEET 1.

gm ZV vez@ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT VICTOR-PARK, OF SOUTH MELBOURNE, AND JAMES NORMAN CAUGI-IT ANIDHERMAN HOUSE,'OF ST. KILDA, MELBOURNE, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA; SAID PARKAND CAUGHT ASSIGNOBS TO SAID HOUSE.

SHOCK-NULLIFYING VEHICLE SUSPENSION.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 3, 1914.

Application led July 30, 1912. Serial No. 712,338.

T o all whom it may concern.:

Be it known that We, ALBERT VICTOR PARK, l

a subject of the King ot lGreat .Britain and Ireland, anda resident of137.York street, in the city of South Melbourne, a suburb of the city ofMelbourne, JAMES Non- MAN CAUGi-ri", a subject of the King of GreatBritain and Ireland, and a resident of Tourella, Esplanade, in the cityof St. Kilda, a suburb of the city of Melbourne, and HERMAN HOUSE, asubject of the Kin of Great Britain and Ireland, and a resi ent ofAsco,g, Southey street, in the city of St. Kilda, a suburb of the cityof Melbourne, all in the county of Bourke, State of Victoria,Commonwealth of Australia, have invented certain new andusefulImprovements in Shock-Nullii'ying Vehicle Suspension, of which thefollowing is 'a specication.

.This invention relates to the'v suspension of vehicle fra-mes and thebodies supported thereby above he wheels ofthe vehicle,and, whileapplica ances, is particularly adapted for use with motor cars and thelike to which it will, for convenience, be herein describedY as beingapplied although it is not restricted thereto.

Tt is generally recognized that the laminated elliptical springscommonly employed to absorb inequalities in the road surface do notefectually attain that end and many arrangements have been suggestedwithl the object of more perfectly maintaining the equilibrium of thevehicle when traveling over irregular surfaces. Among devices proposedtorthe purpose it has been disclosed that advantages result by divertingthe shocks received by the vehicle wheels from a. vertical to ahorizontal direction. and distributing or communicating the said shockstrom one wheel of the vehicle to the following wheel so that the shocksreturn to the road. y

This invention aims at accomplishing the above desirable results in asimple and etfective manner, the vehicle body instead ot being sharplyjolted receiving at most a comfortable gliding wave-like motion.

The invention possesses but few parts of a cheap character little liableto derangement and may be readily applied to existing vehicles.

lit is extremely edicient in action, absorble to most wheeled convey-ving both great and slight shocks in a positive manner, and assists toretain the wheels of the vehicle more firmly to the ground both whenencountering road inequalities and otherwise.

Referring to the drawings which form parttof this speciicationz-Figure 1is a side elevation of the invention applied to the frame of a motorcar. Fig. 2 is a plan of the invention as seen in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is aside elevation of the invention slightly modified for application tocertain types of existing vehicles. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of theinvention as applied to another ty e of existing vehicle. Fig. 5 is aplan of tie invention applied in a modied manner. Fig. 6 is a sideelevation of a modified form of the invention. Fig. 7 is a plan of Fig.(5. Fig. 8 is al cross section of the frame sh'own in Fig. 6, on line AA. Fig. 9 is a rear elevation of an additional modification which may beused with' the invention as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 or 4.

The invention includes a chassis or frame 2. lrotru'ding from each sideof the front end of this frame is a. front pivot pin 3. Also protrudingfrom each side of the frame is an intermediate pivot pin 4 and near therear of the frame, a back pivot pin 5 or as an alternative constructionthe intermediate Vpivot pin 4 may extend across the frame.

Secured to a bracket or the like attached to each side of the frame is aload balance and reflex spring. .This may be of anyy posed between theintermediate pivot pin 4' and the back pivot pin 5. Passing through thecompensating beam above the back portion 8 and bearing upon the same isa back adjusting screw 9 by which the tension of vthat portion ot thespring may be regulated.

I0r one or more springs of anv suitable na- 'ure may be used and thetension be also adJusted 1n any other convenient manner.

may be a cross pm.

spring guidesv 13 extendingbetween which is 'a friction roller 14.Extending across the top of the spring guides offeach front arm may bea. cross pin 1 5. f

Pivoted to each back pivot pin 5 is the upper end of a backwardlyinclined rear radiating arm 16 the lower end of which embraces or isconnected to the back axle 17 of the vehicle, or to the casing usuallyinclosing the same in motor driven vehicles. Upstanding above each reararm 16 are two spring guides 18 extending between which is a frictionroller 19. Extending across the top of the spring guides of each reararm Pivoted to each intermediate pivot pin 4 is a longitudinallydisposed compensating beam 20, attached to the front end of which is afront laminated part-elliptical spring 21. Each spring 21 bears at itsfront end upon its friction roller 14 and is provided with an upturnedor enlarged front end 22. Attached to the rear end of each compensatingbeam 20-is a back laminated part-elliptical Spring 23. lower end u'ponits friction roller 19. Each of the springs 23 may be provided with anupturned end. 'Each beam carries the adjusting screws 7 and 9 beforedescribed.

In applying the invention to some forms of existing frames, the reararms 16 are dispensed with and the lower end of each back spring 23 ispivotally connected by a pivot pin 24 to the casing inclosing the backAaxle 17 of the vehicle. This is shown clearly in Fig. 3.

In applying the invention to another form of existing frame, each frontarm 11 is provided with a pivot pin 25 to which is pivoted a link 25,the lower end of the relative front spring being pivoted by a pivot pin25b to its link. Each rear arm 16 is also provided with a pivot pin 26to which is pivoted a link 27. The lower end of each back spring 23 ispivoted by a pivot pin 28 to its linkl 27. This is clearly shown in Fig.4.

The invention as so far describedprovides a compensating beam at eachside of the vehicle. A single beam centrally pivoted to the frame andhaving vall of the characteristics described may, however, be employed,as seen in Fig. 5. The two front arms 11 and the t-wo rear arms 16 arestill necessary to .this construction. The spring guides 13 and 18 andfriction rollers 14 and 19 are then carthe front and back axles ried,however, by of the vehicle as shown. Front load balance Each spring 2 3bears at itsand reflex springs 55 may project inwardly from the frameand bear beneath the beam, and back load balance'and reiiex springs 56likewise project inwardly from the frame and bear beneath the beam.These springs are, it will be seen, the equivalent of the front and backspring portions 6 and 8.`

In a modification, as shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, a. chassis or frame 2may be provided with forked front ends 29 and the front pivot pins 3 maybe mounted in the said ends. The frame may also be provided withintermediate cross members 30, carrying, a longitudinally disposed pivotpin31. Pivo'ted to the pivot pin 31 is a cross beam 32 having at eachend a pin or trunnion 33.

of the lintermediate pivot pin 4. The frame is also provided with theback pivot pins 5 already described. Pivoted to each front pivot pin 3is a rocking block 34. Attached to each front rocking block34 is thefront end of an upper spring 35, the back end of which flares orinclines upwardlywand is provided with a pivot pin 36. Pivoted to eachpin 36 is a link 37 carrying at its lower end a pivot. pin 38. Attachedto each front rocking block 34 is the front end of a lower spring 39 theback end of which iiares or inclines downwardly and is pivoted by apivot pin 40 to the front axle 12 of the vehicle. Pivoted by a pivot pin41 to each rocking block 34 is the front end of a radius rod 42, therear end of which is pivoted by a pivot pin 43 to the front axle 12.Pivoted to each back pivot pin 5 is a back rocking block 44. Attached toeach back rocking block 44 is the front end of an upper spring 45, ftheback of which flaresor inclines upwardly and is provided with a pivotpin 46. Pivoted to each pivot pin 46 is a link 47 carryingaat its lowerend a pivot pin 48. Attached to each back rocking block 44 is the frontend of a lower spring 49, the back end of which flares or inclinesdownwardly and by a pivot pin 50, is pivoted to the back axle 17 ofthevehicle or to the casing usually inclosing the axle in motor drivenvehicles. Pivoted to the intermediate pivot pins or trunnions 33 of theintermediately pivoted cross'beam 32 is a longitudinally disposedcompensa-ting beam 51. The front end of each beam 51 is pivotallyconnected by the pivot. pin- 38, to its relative link 37. The back endof each beam 51 is pivotally connected, by its pivot pins 48, to itsrelative link 47. Interposed between each beam 51 and the chassisnrframe 2 of the vehicle, on each side of each pin 'or trunnion 33, is a.balance spring 52. Rubber or other resilient buffer blocks or limitstops 57 may also be employed.

In a further modification, as shown in Fig. 9, a rear pivot pin 53 maybe provided upon the back axle or casing inclosing the The pins ortrunnions 33 are the equivalent.

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Loaders? same and to the said pin a subsidiar cross beam 54 may bepivotall connecte Be tween each end of the sai trame 2 is a link 58 andinterposed between the beam 54 and the back axle 17 at or near each endthereof is a spiral or other spring 59. It will be readily understoodthat this modification may be applied to any of the designs shown inFigs. 1, 2, 3 or 4.

il@ The cycle of operations with this invention is as followsz--Referring particularly to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the load weightis communicated by the intermediate pivot pins 4 to each compensatingbeam 20 which pins 4 are therefore the only point ot actual suspensionot the load. By the springs 21 and 23 the beams are supported and theweight or load is conveyed to the front and back arms 11 and 16 and tothe vehicle wheels. The weight being applied to the arms 11 and 16between the pivot pins 3 and 5 and the front and back axles, tends toforce the arms downwardly and therefore (more 'or less) forces the frameand the load to- 25 ward the road. The pins 3 and 5 are therefore notpoints of suspension of the load and the arms are merel r to permitradiation ot the wheels of the ve icle. rl`he frame in this instance isactually suspended centrally 3Q by a single point at each side ot thevehicle,

z'. e., the intermediate pivot pins 4.

When the vehicle is in motion and meets an inequality or obstructionowing to inertia, it will be understood that the tendency ot the springsof the compensating beams is to attempt to lift or carry more than theiralloted share of the load.

Upon a front wheel of the vehicle encountering a road inequality itrises causing a@ its front arm 11 to radiate. 'llhe shock is therebycommunicated to the front spring 21, the. front end of which has asliding contact with the arm beneath it. Whether the shock overcomes theresistance oered by as the spring or not it is evident that the frontend of the compensating beam 20 'must also rise (more or less) causingthe back end of the said beam to descend to an equal extent. The shockis thereby communicated to the rback spring 23 the lower end of whichhas a .sliding contact with the back arm 16 beneath it.. The shock isthus distributed trom the road through the front wheels back to the roadthrough the back Wheels of the vehicle sa and causes the back wheels togrip the ground. All shocks pass around the pivotal suspension point ofthe compensating beam affected.

A similar operation takes place upon a eo back wheel encountering anobstruction. To

provide for the out-of balance load, that is,

more passengers or weight in one part of the vehicle than another, thesprings 6 8 are provided. llt will be obvious that should e5 there bemore weight on one side of the pins beam 54 and the4 4 than the othersuch weight will be sustained by the springs 6-8 which are of sufficientstabilit to effect this purpose. These springs also a sorb the reflex orreboundof the vehicle when -a road inequality is' en- 70' countered.rlhe cushions l0 are provided mainly to minimize noise and to soften thecontact and the adjustin screws 7 and 9 to maintain the tension of t esprings as is obvious. Any other means however, maybe 7% em loyed formaintaining or adjusting the f sai tension.

With the modied designs illustrated `in Figs. 3 and 4 the action of the'various parts is the same as that described with reference 3g to Fig.1.

rlFhe movements and functions of the parts are also, the same with thearrangement shown in Fig. 5 excepting that in this in stance there isbut one pivotal center at w which the loadis suspended and the beam issupported directly by the axles.`

While the general results obtained by the arrangements shown in Figs. 6and 7 will bel the same as those obtained from the arrange- 9@ mentshown in Fig. l, the arts are di'erently combined and in detai operate.as tollows. Upon a front wheel encounteringa road inequality and risingit causes the axle end ot the front lower spring 39 also to rise anddescribe an arc about the front pivot pin 3 rocking or moving the blockl34 uponthe said front pivot pin 3. The shock is thereby communicated tothe upper spring` 35 which by itslink 37, lifts (more or less) 1m thefront end of the compensatin beam 5l. The rear end ofthe said beam tereby descends, carrying with it its link 47 and the back end of theupper spring 45. The said spring thus describes an arc about the back.pivot pin 5 rockin or moving the back block 44 upon the sald back ivotpin 5 and communicating the shock to tbe lower spring 49 and to the backaxle 17 and wheels supportinglthe same. l

By t e intermediately pivoted cross beam 32 lateral movement of thetraine is compensated ermitting the wheels at one side ot thesaid frameto beat a higher elevation than'those at the other side, without affect11% ing the horizontal lane of the frame, while both may success ullyencounter road inequalities independently. lt will be apparent, that thecross beam 32 could be dispensedwith and the longitudinal compensatingbeams 51 be pivoted direct to the frame. By thebalance springs 52 theout-ot balance load is provided :tor in a similar' manner to the springs6 and 8 already mentioned. The reflex or re-bound of the load is amply4provided for by the springs 35-39 and V45-49 and the balance springs52.

With the further modification shown in Fig. 9 it is proposed to absorb asuccession of minute shocks and vibrations which perhaps may not beabsorbed by the foregoing arrangements. This particularly applies tobadly made wooden block roads cobble stones and the like. The load issuspended at the pi'vot in 53, the springs 59 being only strong enougito carry the out of balance load. Upon one of the back wheels meetingsuch a series of small obstructions, with this modication, it would-risewithout elevating the frame or vehicle body for the relative spring .59would be compressed and absorb the vibratory shocks. The correspondingend of the subsidiary cross beam will also rise and communicate theslight shocks to the other back wheel;

In referring to the various compensating beams in combinationv thesebeams will be termed the secondary frame of the vehicle.

It should also be pointed out that the front and rear arms ll and 16andthe flaring springs and Llli-49 are all projected backwardly and inthe same direction as the vehicle is normally traveling. This isconsidered an important feature for the shocks are all diverted in thedirection of travel of the car.

Having now described our invention what we claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is l. A vehicle suspension consisting in thecombination with a frame and axles therefor, of a compensating beam ateach side of the frame and intermediately pivoted to suspend the load bythe beam pivots, springs extending from the beams, means for su-pportingthe axles on the frame, said springs being` supported .by the meanswhich sup-- ports the axles.

2. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting in the combinationwith a frame and axles therefor, of-a compensating beam at each side ofthe frame and having a central pivotal suspension for the load, springsextending from the beams, means for supporting the springs between theaxles and the frame, resilient means for balancing the load andabsorbing reflex of the frame when an obstruction is encountered, andmeans for adjusting the resiliency of the balancing and reflex absorbingmeans.

3. shoclr absorbing vehicle suspension consisting of the combinationwith a frame and wheels thereof, of a longitudinally disposedintermcdiately pivoted compensating beam at each side of the vehicle, aspring resistance between each end of each beam and the correspondingvehicle wheels, and a load balancing and reflex absorbing spring at eachside of the pivotal center of each beam.

4. A vehicle suspension consisting in the combination with a frame andaxles therefor, of a compensating beam at each side of the frame, eachbeam having a central pivot by which the load is suspended, springsextending from the ends of the beams and pivoted radiating arms betweenthe frame and the axles and forming supports for the springs. Y

5. A/ shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting of a main loadcarrying frame, a secondary frame pivoted to the main frame centrally ofsaid load, a plurality of axles, a plurality of rearwardly directedresilient connectors between' said axles, and secondary frame, andwheels carried by said axles.

6. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting -in the combinationof a main frame comprised of rigidly connected longitudinal andtransverse members and a secondary frame composed of pivotallyconnectedlongitudinal and transverse members, wheel supported axlesbeneath said secondary frame, elongated members carrying said axles andpivoted to the main frame in advance of the axles, shock absorbingsprings fixed to the secondary frame and connected to said elongatedmembers. i 7. A vehicle suspension consistin inv the combination with aframe and axles t erefor,

of a longitudinally disposed compensating beam at each side of theframe, a central pivot for each beam to suspend the load, pivotedradiating arms between the axles and frame and inclined with their upperends toward the forward direction of travel, and a spring resistancebetween each end of each beam and its corresponding radiating arm.

8. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting of the combinationwith a frame and front and back axles thereof, of a longitudinallydisposed compensating beam at each side of the frame and intermediatelypivoted thereto, a baclrwardly inclined arm pivotally disposed between,each axle and the frame at each side thereof, .a spring resistancebetween each arm: and the corresponding end of its compensating beam,and a load balancing spring adjustable in tension and bearing at eachside of the pivotal center of each beam. g

9. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting of the combinationwith a vehicle frame and front and back axles thereof, of a compensatingbeam longitudinally .disposed at each side of the frame andintermediately pivoted thereto, a` backwardly inclined arm between eachaxle and the frame at each side thereof and pivotally connected to theframe at its upper end and( connected to the corresponding axle atitslower end, and a spring resistance between the end of each beam and thecorresponding arm and bearing between the two ends thereof.

l0. A shock absorbing. vehicle suspension consisting of the combinationwith front and back axles below a frame, ofa longitudinally disposedcompensating beam at each side thereof and intermediately pivotedV titithereto, an arm secured to each axle and pivotedto the frame at eachside thereof, and a spring resistance secured to each compensating beamat each end thereof and slidably bearing upon the corresponding armbetween its two ends.

11. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting of the combinationwith front and back axles below a frame, of a longitudinally disposedcompensating beam at each side thereof and intermediately pivotedthereto, an arm secured to each axle and pivoted to the frame at eachside thereof, springguides to each arm, a friction roller between theguides, a ypart-elliptical laminated spring secured to"each compensatingbeam at each end thereof and slidably bearing between the guides andupon the friction roller of the corresponding arm, and load balance andreflex absorbing springs bearing upon each beam.

l2. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting in the combinationwith a frame and front and back axles therefor, of a longitudinallydisposed compensating beam at each side thereof and intermediatelypivoted thereto, an arm secured to each front axle and pivoted to theframe at each side thereot, a part-elliptical laminated spring securedto one end of each beam and bearing upon its corresponding arm, apart-elliptical laminated spring secured to the other end of each beamand bearing upon the back axle, and load balancing and reflex absorbingsprings bearing upon .each beam between the central pivots and theaxles.

13. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting in the combinationwith a frame and front and back axles therefor, of a longitudinallydisposed compensating beam at each side thereof and intermediatelypivoted thereto, an arm secured to each axle and pivoted to the frame ateach side thereof, a

part-elliptical laminated spring secured to each compensating beam ateach side thereof and pivotally connected to the corresponding arm, `andload balance and reflex absorbing springs bearing upon each beam; 142.The combination with a Vehicle frame and axles therefor, of acompensating beam suspending at a single point at its center the load ofthe vehicle, means to support the beam between the axles, and a loadbalancing and reflex absorbing spring at each sideof the pivoted centerof each beam. 15. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting in thecombination with a frame and axles therefor, of a longitudinallydisposed compensating beam pivoted at its center to the frame andsupporting the load at its pivotalcenter, a resilient resistance betweenthe ends of the beam and the axles and supporting the beam between thesaid axles, resilient load balancing means carried by the frame andbearing against the bearing upon the beam at each side of its y pivotalcenter, and pivoted radiating arms between the axles and the frame.

17. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting in the combinationwith a frame and axles therefor, of a longitudinally disposedcompensating beam pivoted at its center to the frame and supporting theload at its pivotal center, a resilient resistance between the ends ofthe beam and the axles and supporting the beam between the said axles,resilient load balancing means for absorbing the reflex of the load whena roadinequality is encountered, and backwardly inclined radiating armspivoted at their upper ends at each side of the frame and connectedattheir lower ends to the axles, the upper end of each arm being disposedtoward the front of the frame and in the direction of forward travel.

18. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting in the combinationwith a frame and axles therefor, of a longitudinally disposed,compensating beam pivoted at its center to the frame and vsupporting theload at its pivotal center, a part-elliptical laminated spring attachedto each end of the beam, a load balancing and reflex absorbing springbearing upon the beam between its pivotal centerand eachaxle, andbackwardly inclined radiating arms pivoted at their upper ends at eachside of the frame and connected at their lower ends to the axles, theupper end of each arm being disposed toward the front of the frame andin the direction of normal travel, and supporting the ends of thelaminated springs.

19. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting in the combinationwith a frame and axles therefor, of a longitudinallydisposed-compensating beam at each side of the vehicle and having acentral pivotal suspension for the load, springs extending from oppositeendsof the beams and means for. supporting each end of the springsbetween the axles and to the frame to nullify road inequalities and thereflex of the load.

20. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting of the combinationwith a frame and axles therefor, of a longitudinally disposed centrallypivoted compensating beam, at each side of the vehicle, springsextending from each end of the beams and a rockiatv -and axles thereforof a longitudinally disposed centrally pivoted compensating beam` ateach side of the frame, a spring extending from each `end of the beam arockingresilient resistant connecting each end of each spring with thecorresponding axle and the frame, and load balancing means between thepivotal center of each beam and each resistant and absorbing loadreflex.

Q2. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting of the combinationwith a frame and axles therefor, of a cross beam centrally pivoted tothe frame, a longitudinally disposed compensating beam centrally pivotedto each end of the cross beam, and resilient means between ther frameand the axles to support the ends of the longitudinal beams.

A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting of the combination witha. frame and axles therefor of a cross beam centrally pivoted to theframe, a longitudinally disposed compensating beam centrally pivoted toeach end of the cross beam, rocking means disposed in the direction ofnormal travel oit the vehicle to resilient means at each end of thelongitudinal beam between the axles and the frame, and load balancingmeans between the longitudinal beams and the frame and absorbing reflexof the load.

2%. A. shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting of the combinationwith a frame and axles therefor, of a cross-beam centrally pivoted tothe frame, a longitudinally disposed compensating beam centrally pivotedto each end of the cross beam, a resilient resistance at'each end ci'each longitudinaly to support the beams, and load balancing means ateach side oft the pivotal center oi each longitudinal beam between thebeam and the frame to absorb re-bouncl of the frame when a roadinequality is encountered.

L shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting of the combination witha frame and therefor, of a longitudinally disposed cetrally pivotedcompensating beam,

a rocking block carried by the frame and adjoining each end of the beam,a lower spring extending between each block and the corresponding axle,and an upper spring attached Ato each block and p'ivotally connected tothe corresponding end of the beam.

26. A shock absobing vehicle suspension consisting of the combinationwith a frame and axles therefor, of a cross beam centrally pivoted tothe frame, a longitudinally disposed compensating beam centrally pivotedto each end of the cross beam, a rocking block carried by the frame andadjoining each end of eachlongitudinal beam, a lower flaring springextending between each block and the corresponding axle, an upperflaring spring attached to each block and pivotally connected to thevcorresponding end of the relative beam, and a balancing and reflexabsorbing spring between the end ofeach longitudinal beam and itspivotal center.

Q7. In a vehicle suspension and in combination with a frame below whichis a back axle, a cross beam linked at each of its ends to the frame andcentrally pivoted to the back axle, and a resilient resistance betweeneach end of the cross beam and the back axle.

2S. A shock absorbing vehicle suspension consisting of the combinationwith a frame and axles therefor, of a longitudianily dis-- posedcompensating beam at each side of the frame and centrally pivotedthereto` the load being supported by the beam pivotal centers, means toresiliently support the beams between the axles, a cross beam pivotallyconnected at each of its ends to the frame and centrally pivoted to theback axle the weight or load ng carried by the central pivot and aresilient resistance between each end ol the cross beam the back axle.

ln testimonywvbweo we affix our signatures in presence o` two witnesses.

ERML HOUSE.

